EPS@ISEP | The European Project Semester (EPS) at ISEP

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--- report [2016/06/15 13:33] – [7.3 Components] team2
+++ report [2016/06/21 16:06] (current) – [7.3 Components] team2
@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 ==== - Functional Tests ====
-The first test that will be executed regarding the dome is a simulation in a calculation program called PowerFrame. In this program the wind load on the structure will be tested. For this test Eurocode 1 of the building rules of the European Union will be used. After the test, the section of the beams will be optimized.
+The first test that will be executed regarding the dome is a simulation in a calculation program called PowerFrame [(power_frame)]. In this program the wind load on the structure will be tested. For this test Eurocode 1 of the building rules of the European Union will be used. After the test, the section of the beams will be optimized.
 The other functional tests will be executed on the prototype of the automatic window. The first test is the building of the prototype itself. The team will rate different aspects while building the prototype. In this way the weak points of the design of the prototype will be detected. For every weak point, improvements will be formulated.
@@ Line 1537: / Line 1537: @@
 <WRAP centeralign>
-|**Fir, spruce, douglas** |C18, C24, C30|
+^**Type of wood** ^**Timber Grade** ^
-|**Pine : sylvestre, maritime, black, Corsican** |C14, C18, C24, C30|
+|**Fir** |C18|
+|**Spruce** |C24|
+|**Douglas** |C30|
+|**Pine : sylvestre** |C14|
+|**Pine : maritime** |C18|
+|**Pine : black** |C24|
+|**Pine : Corsican** |C30|
 |**Larch**|C18, C24, C27|
 |**Oak**|D18, D24, D30|
@@ Line 1550: / Line 1556: @@
 <WRAP centeralign>
-^**Symbol** ^**Designation** ^**Units** ^**C14** ^**C16** ^**C18** ^**C20** ^**C24** ^**C27** ^**C30** ^
+^**Symbol** ^**Designation** ^**Units** ^**C14** ^**C16** ^**C18** ^**C20** ^**C24** ^**C27** ^**C30** ^**D18** ^**D24** ^**D30** ^
-|**fm,k** |Bending stress|N/mm2|14|16|18|20|24|27|30|
+|**f<sub>m,k</sub>** |Bending stress|N/mm<sup>2</sup>|14|16|18|20|24|27|30|18|24|30|
-|**ft.0.k** |Axial tensile stress|N/mm2|8|10|11|12|14|16|18|
+|**f<sub>t,0,k</sub>** |Axial tensile stress|N/mm<sup>2</sup>|8|10|11|12|14|16|18|11|14|18|
-|**ft,90,k**|Transverse tensile stress|N/mm2|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|
+|**f<sub>t,90,k</sub>**|Transverse tensile stress|N/mm<sup>2</sup>|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.6|0.6|0.6|
-|**fc,0,k**|Axial compressive stress|N/mm2|16|17|18|19|21|22|23|
+|**f<sub>c,0,k</sub>**|Axial stress|N/mm<sup>2</sup>|16|17|18|19|21|22|23|18|21|23|
-|**fc,90,k**|Transverse compressive stress|N/mm2|2|2.2|2.2|2.3|2.5|2.6|2.7|
+|**f<sub>c,90,k</sub>**|Transverse stress|N/mm<sup>2</sup>|2|2.2|2.2|2.3|2.5|2.6|2.7|7.5|7.8|8|
-|**fv,k**|Shear stress|N/mm2|3|3.2|3.4|3.6|4|4|4|
+|**f<sub>v,k</sub>**|Shear stress|N/mm<sup>2</sup>|3|3.2|3.4|3.6|4|4|4|3.4|4|4|
-|**E0,mean**|Medium modulus of axial elasticity|kN/mm2|7|8|9|9.5|11|11.5|12|
+|**E<sub>0,mean</sub>**|Medium modulus of axial elasticity|kN/mm<sup>2</sup>|7|8|9|9.5|11|11.5|12|9.5|10|11|
-|**E90,mean** |Medium modulus of transversal elasticity|kN/mm2|0.23|0.27|0.30|0.32|0.37|0.38|0.40|
+|**E<sub>90,mean</sub>** |Medium modulus of transverse elasticity|kN/mm<sup>2</sup>|0.23|0.27|0.30|0.32|0.37|0.38|0.40|0.63|0.67|0.73|
-|**Gmean** |Medium modulus of shear scress|kN/mm2|0.44|0.50|0.56|0.59|0.69|0.72|0.75|
+|**G<sub>mean</sub>** |Medium modulus of shear stress|kN/mm<sup>2</sup>|0.44|0.50|0.56|0.59|0.69|0.72|0.75|0.59|0.62|0.69|
-|**ρk**|Characteristic density|kg/m3|290|310|320|330|350|370|380|
+|**ρ<sub>k</sub>**|Characteristic density|kg/m<sup>3</sup>|290|310|320|330|350|370|380|475|485|530|
-|**ρmean**|Average density|kg/m3|350|370|380|390|420|450|460|
+|**ρ<sub>mean</sub>**|Average density|kg/m<sup>3</sup>|350|370|380|390|420|450|460|570|580|640|
-</WRAP>
-<WRAP centeralign>
-<table Oak>
-<caption> Timber strength and spans (Oak) </caption>
-</table>
-</WRAP>
-<WRAP centeralign>
-^**Symbol** ^**Designation** ^**Units** ^**D18** ^**D24** ^**D30** ^
-|**fm,k** |Bending stress|N/mm2|18|24|30|
-|**ft.0.k** |Axial tensile stress|N/mm2|11|14|18|
-|**ft,90,k**|Transverse tensile stress|N/mm2|0.6|0.6|0.6|
-|**fc,0,k**|Axial compressive stress|N/mm2|18|21|23|
-|**fc,90,k**|Transverse compressive stress|N/mm2|7.5|7.8|8|
-|**fv,k**|Shear stress|N/mm2|3.4|4|4|
-|**E0,mean**|Medium modulus of axial elasticity|kN/mm2|9.5|10|11|
-|**E90,mean** |Medium modulus of transversal elasticity|kN/mm2|0.63|0.67|0.73|
-|**Gmean** |Medium modulus of shear scress|kN/mm2|0.59|0.62|0.69|
-|**ρk**|Characteristic density|kg/m3|475|485|530|
-|**ρmean**|Average density|kg/m3|570|580|640|
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 1601: / Line 1586: @@
-The reason we chose oak is because it is the most reliable and resistant outdoor wood, we want to ensure these chosen beams will stand the test of time. We stated in the environmental chapter the insulating benefits that oak provides and its acoustic advantages that can really benefit our dome. This material is also affordable because the average price of a wooden oak beam with the dimensions presented below is approximately 47 euros. The dome is made of 165 beams but the columns are 290 mm x 80 x 80 so we have to buy only 83 columns and as such the final price of all the beams rounds up to approximately 4000 euros.
+The reason we chose oak is because it is the most reliable and resistant outdoor wood, we want to ensure these chosen beams will stand the test of time. We stated in the environmental chapter the insulating benefits that oak provides and its acoustic advantages that can really benefit our dome. There are approximately 600 species of oak. For choose which one type of oak we going to use, we made a research about it. With the parameters of: geographic distribution, features, use and price. Finally we choose English oak [(carvalho_roble)], "Quercus robur" or Carvalho-roble in Portuguese. The wood is very resistant to insect and fungal attack because of its high tannin content.
+-	Geographic distribution: this type of oak tree is common in Europe concretely in Iberian Peninsula and Portugal. For this reason is a good choice for get on     local suppliers.
+-	Features: can be up to 45 meters high, it is a high quality wood, stiff and resistant to moisture.
+-	Use: It is used in many ways since coming support hanged in Portugal in the Minho area through the furniture, barrels, shipbuilding, tools, crafts, building houses and even fuel.
+This material is also affordable because the average price of a wooden oak beam with the dimensions presented below is approximately 47 euros. The dome is made of 165 beams but the columns are 290 mm x 80 x 80 so we have to buy only 83 columns and as such the final price of all the beams rounds up to approximately 4000 euros.
@@ Line 1640: / Line 1631: @@
 The dimensions of the windows are the following:
-As you can see the windows have 2 sides with the dimension of 1175 mm as seen in Figure {{ref>flabel134}} and {{ref>flabel136}} and one side with the dimension of 1150 mm in Figure {{ref>flabel135}}
+As you can see the windows have 2 sides with the dimension of 1175 mm as seen in Figure {{ref>flabel134}} and {{ref>flabel136}} and one side with the dimension of 1150 mm in Figure {{ref>flabel135}}.
 <WRAP centeralign>
@@ Line 1691: / Line 1682: @@
 </WRAP>
+The angles of the connections are the following:
+  * 3 way junction A - One 62° angle and one 124° angle.
+  * 3 way junction B - Same as "3 way junction A" but mirrored.
+  * 4 way junction A - Three 62° angles.
+  * 4 way junction B - Two 60.7° angles and one 58.7° angle.
+  * 5 way junction A - Two 55.7° angles and two 62.15° angles.
+  * 5 way junction B - Same as "5 way junction A" but mirrored.
+  * 6 way junction - All 6 angles are 62.15°.
+In the figures below we show the angles between the sides and the top part of the junction Fig {{ref>flabel1101}} and the angles between the base panel and the junction nodes in Fig {{ref>flabel1100}}.
+<WRAP centeralign>
+<figure flabel1100>
+{{ ::2016-06-21_15-19-11.png?600 |}}
+<caption> Side view of a 4 way connection </caption>
+</figure>
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP centeralign>
+<figure flabel1101>
+{{ ::2016-06-21_15-20-04.png?600 |}}
+<caption> Side view of a 4 way connection </caption>
+</figure>
+</WRAP>
@@ Line 1762: / Line 1778: @@
 In this part, it presents the study of wood that it will use for the panels of the dome. For do it, it made an analysis of different possibilities for implement and after choose which one are the better for the using of product. First of all, it has a selection of potential woods with the respective study:
-  * __Oriented Strand Board(OSB)__
+* __Plywood__
-This product is principally used in North America, is a structural panel product produced by bonding together thin wood strands with adhesive. It has similar properties to plywood, yet is generally more cost-effective to produce and is also stronger than particleboard. OSB is produced with engineering studies for get a wood product with similar features like plywood and particleboard. OSB can be stronger but his have a less durability than plywood. Given that the wood dome is a permanent product, the durability is a very important aspect. OSB can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications. For compare better the information, it is all gathered in Table {{ref>osb}}.
-<WRAP centeralign>
-<table osb>
-<caption> Characteristics of Oriented Strand Board </caption>
-</table>
-</WRAP>
-<WRAP centeralign>
-^ ^ **Oriented Strand Board** ^
-|**Durability** |Depend on the bond quality used in manufacturing but less than plywood|
-|**Treatments** |This material can be treated to protect against fungal or termite attack|
-|**Engineering Considerations**|Not have the same appearance qualities as per plywood|
-|**Applications**|Can be used as flooring, bracing or as a cladding under stucco, weatherboards, or other surface cladding|
-|**Maintenance**|Refer to supplier's specifications|
-|**Sustainability**|The production is of renewable species with fast growing. And utilize the maximum wood fibre for each log, having the less wastage from timber resources|
-</WRAP>
-  * __Plywood__
 Plywood is an assemblage of wood veneers bonded together to produce a flat sheet. It offers all the inherent advantages of the parent wood plus enhanced properties in its laminated structure. Plywood would be used for panels, it suppose be indoor and outdoor, the panel shear of plywood is nearly double that of solid timber due its cross laminated structure. This makes plywood a highly effective material to use in gussets for portal frames, webs of fabricated beams and as bracing panels. Plywood can be used for structural, exterior, interior and marine. In this cause would be used in exterior application. A good comparison of all the information can be found in Table {{ref>plywood}}.
@@ Line 1834: / Line 1830: @@
 The prices are extracted of a Spanish supplier and the size of the plywood panels are approximately 250 cm long 25 cm breath and 0.6 mm thickness.
+* __Oriented Strand Board(OSB)__
+This product is principally used in North America, is a structural panel product produced by bonding together thin wood strands with adhesive. It has similar properties to plywood, yet is generally more cost-effective to produce and is also stronger than particleboard. OSB is produced with engineering studies for get a wood product with similar features like plywood and particleboard. OSB can be stronger but his have a less durability than plywood. Given that the wood dome is a permanent product, the durability is a very important aspect. OSB can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications. For compare better the information, it is all gathered in Table {{ref>osb}}.
+<WRAP centeralign>
+<table osb>
+<caption> Characteristics of Oriented Strand Board </caption>
+</table>
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP centeralign>
+^ ^ **Oriented Strand Board** ^
+|**Durability** |Depend on the bond quality used in manufacturing but less than plywood|
+|**Treatments** |This material can be treated to protect against fungal or termite attack|
+|**Engineering Considerations**|Not have the same appearance qualities as per plywood|
+|**Applications**|Can be used as flooring, bracing or as a cladding under stucco, weatherboards, or other surface cladding|
+|**Maintenance**|Refer to supplier's specifications|
+|**Sustainability**|The production is of renewable species with fast growing. And utilize the maximum wood fibre for each log, having the less wastage from timber resources|
+</WRAP>
 __Connecting the panels to the beams__
@@ Line 2128: / Line 2145: @@
 <figure terrainclass>
 {{ :terrainclass.jpg?500 |}}
-<caption>Terrain class and height of a building </caption>
+<caption>Terrain class and height of a building [(eurocode)]</caption>
 </figure>
 </WRAP>

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